For discovering a fundamental mechanism of cellular organization mediated by phase separation of proteins and RNA into membraneless liquid droplets.

For multi-decade, groundbreaking contributions to the measurement of the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment, pushing the boundaries of experimental precision and igniting a new era in the quest for physics beyond the Standard Model.

For contributions to the geometric structure of scattering amplitudes, revealing hidden relations among quantum field theories.

For the discovery of the most common genetic cause of ALS and frontotemporal dementia which charted the path for new mechanistic studies of these diseases.

For elucidating the mechanism driving the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin and validating it as a therapeutic target for sickle-cell disease and beta-thalassemia.

For breakthroughs in nonlinear evolution equations, with regards to their stability, singularity formation, or resolution into solitons.

For a lifetime of groundbreaking contributions to theoretical physics, from the strong force to string theory, and for tireless advocacy for basic science worldwide.

For developing a therapy for inherited retinal degeneration that became the first FDA-approved gene therapy for a genetic disease.